SECTION F --- MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS;BLASTING
Subsection: ENGINES OR PUMPS

F01 MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL;ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES

F01B Machines or engines, in general or of positivedisplacement type, e.g. steam engines
F01C Rotary-piston or oscillating-piston machines or engines
F01D Non-positive-displacement machines or engines,e.g. steam turbines
F01K Steam engine plants; Steam accumulators; Engine plants not otherwise provided for; Engines using special working fluids or cycles
F01L Cyclically operating valves for machines or engines
F01M Lubricating of machines or engines in general;Lubricating internal-combustion engines;Crankcase ventilating
F01N Gas-flow silencers or exhaust apparatus for machines or engines in general; Gas-flow silencers or exhaust apparatus for internal-combustion engines
F01P Cooling of machines or engines in general;Cooling of internal-combustion engines

F02 COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS

F02B Internal-combustion piston engines; Combustion engines in general
F02C Gas-turbine plants; Air intakes for jet-propulsion plants; Controlling fuel supply in air-breathing jetpropulsion plants
F02D Controlling combustion engines
F02F Cylinders, pistons, or casings for combustion engines; Arrangements of sealings in combustion engines
F02G Hot-gas or combustion-product positivedisplacement engine plants; Use of waste heat of combustion engines, not otherwise provided for
F02K Jet-propulsion plants
F02M Supplying combustion engines in general with combustible mixtures or constituents thereof
F02N Starting of combustion engines; Starting aids for such engines, not otherwise provided for
F02P Ignition, other than compression ignition, for internal-combustion engines; Testing of ignition timing in compression-ignition engines

F03 MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS;WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, OR MISCELLANEOUS MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR

F03B Machines or engines for liquids
F03C Positive-displacement engines driven by liquids
F03D Wind motors
F03G Spring, weight, inertia, or like motors;Mechanical-power-producing devices or mechanisms, not otherwise provided for or using energy sources not otherwise provided for
F03H Producing a reactive propulsive thrust, not otherwise provided for

F04 POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS

F04B Positive-displacement machines for liquids;Pumps
F04C Rotary-piston, or oscillating-piston, positivedisplacement machines for liquids; Rotary-piston,or oscillating-piston, positive-displacement pumps
F04D Non-positive-displacement pumps
F04F Pumping of fluid by direct contact of another fluid or by using inertia of fluid to be pumped; Siphons
Subsection: ENGINEERING IN GENERAL

F15 FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS;HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL

F15B Systems acting by means of fluids in general;Fluid-pressure actuators, e.g. servomotors; Details of fluid-pressure systems, not otherwise provided for
F15C Fluid-circuit elements predominantly used for computing or control purposes
F15D Fluid dynamics, i.e. methods or means for influencing the flow of gases or liquids

F16 ENGINEERING ELEMENTS OR UNITS;GENERALMEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OFMACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL

F16B Devices for fastening or securing constructional elements or machine parts together, e.g. nails,bolts, circlips, clamps, clips, wedges; Joints or jointing
F16C Shafts; Flexible shafts; Elements of crankshaft mechanisms; Rotary bodies other than gearing elements; Bearings
F16D Couplings for transmitting rotation; Clutches;Brakes
F16F Springs; Shock-absorbers; Means for damping vibration
F16G Belts, cables, or ropes, predominantly used for driving purposes; Chains; Fittings predominantly used therefor
F16H Gearing
F16J Pistons; Cylinders; Pressure vessels in general;Sealings
F16K Valves; Taps; Cocks; Actuating-floats; Devices for venting or aerating
F16L Pipes; Joints or fittings for pipes; Supports for pipes, cables or protective tubing; Means for thermal insulation in general
F16M Frames, casings, or beds, of engines or other machines or apparatus, not specific to an engine,machine, or apparatus provided for elsewhere;Stands or supports
F16N Lubricating
F16P Safety devices in general
F16S Constructional elements in general; Structures built-up from such elements, in general
F16T Steam traps or like apparatus for draining-off liquids from enclosures predominantly containing gases or vapours

F17 STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS

F17B Gas-holders of variable capacity
F17C Vessels for containing or storing compressed,liquefied, or solidified gases; Fixed-capacity gasholders;Filling vessels with, or discharging from vessels, compressed, liquefied, or solidified gases
F17D Pipe-line systems; Pipe-lines
Subsection: LIGHTING; HEATING

F21 LIGHTING

F21H Incandescent mantles; Other incandescent bodies heated by combustion
F21K Light sources not otherwise provided for
F21L Lighting devices or systems thereof, being portable or specially adapted for transportation
F21S Non-portable lighting devices or systems thereof
F21V Functional features or details of lighting devices or systems thereof; Structural combinations of lighting devices with other articles, not otherwise provided for
F21W Indexing scheme associated with subclasses F21L, S and V, relating to uses or applications of lighting devices or systems
F21Y Indexing scheme associated with subclasses F21L, S and V, relating to the form of the light sources

F22 STEAM GENERATION

F22B Methods of steam generation; Steam boilers
F22D Preheating, or accumulating preheated, feed-water;Feed-water supply; Controlling water level;Circulating water within boilers
F22G Superheating of steam

F23 COMBUSTION APPARATUS;COMBUSTION PROCESSES

F23B Combustion apparatus using only solid fuel
F23C Combustion apparatus using fluent fuel
F23D Burners
F23G Cremation furnaces; Consuming waste by combustion
F23H Grates; Cleaning or raking grates
F23J Removal or treatment of combustion products or combustion residues; Flues
F23K Feeding fuel to combustion apparatus
F23L Air supply; Draught-inducing; Supplying noncombustible liquid or gas
F23M Constructional details of combustion chambers,not otherwise provided for
F23N Regulating or controlling combustion
F23Q Ignition; Extinguishing devices
F23R Generating combustion products of high pressure or high velocity, e.g. gas-turbine combustion chambers

F24 HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING

F24B Domestic stoves or ranges for solid fuels;Implements for use in connection with stoves or ranges
F24C Other domestic stoves or ranges; Details of domestic stoves or ranges, of general application
F24D Domestic- or space-heating systems, e.g. central heating systems; Domestic hot-water supply systems; Elements or components therefor
F24F Air-conditioning; Air-humidification; Ventilation;Use of air currents for screening
F24H Fluid heaters, e.g. water or air heaters, having heat-generating means, in general
F24J Production or use of heat not otherwise provided for

F25 REFRIGERATION OR COOLING;COMBINED HEATINGAND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION OR SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES

F25B Refrigeration machines, plants, or systems;Combined heating and refrigeration systems; Heat pump systems
F25C Production, working, storing, or distribution of ice
F25D Refrigerators; Cold rooms; Ice-boxes; Cooling or freezing apparatus not covered by any other subclass
F25J Liquefaction, solidification, or separation of gases or gaseous mixtures by pressure and cold treatment

F26 DRYING

F26B Drying solid materials or objects by removing liquid therefrom

F27 FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS

F27B Furnaces, kilns, ovens, or retorts in general; Open sintering or like apparatus
F27D Details or accessories of furnaces, kilns, ovens, or retorts, in so far as they are of kinds occurring in more than one kind of furnace

F28 HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL

F28B Steam or vapour condensers
F28C Heat-exchange apparatus, not provided for in another subclass, in which the heat-exchange media come into direct contact without chemical interaction
F28D Heat-exchange apparatus, not provided for in another subclass, in which the heat-exchange media do not come into direct contact; Heat storage plants or apparatus in general
F28F Details of heat-exchange or heat-transfer apparatus, of general application
F28G Cleaning of internal or external surfaces of heatexchange or heat-transfer conduits, e.g. water tubes of boilers
Subsection: WEAPONS; BLASTING

F41 WEAPONS

F41A Functional features or details common to both smallarms and ordnance, e.g. cannons; Mountings for smallarms or ordnance
F41B Weapons for projecting missiles without use of explosive or combustible propellant charge;Weapons not otherwise provided for
F41C Smallarms, e.g. pistols, rifles; Accessories therefor
F41F Apparatus for launching projectiles or missiles from barrels, e.g. cannons; Launchers for rockets or torpedoes; Harpoon guns
F41G Weapon sights; Aiming
F41H Armour; Armoured turrets; Armoured or armed vehicles; Means of attack or defence,e.g. camouflage, in general
F41J Targets; Target ranges; Bullet catchers

F42 AMMUNITION; BLASTING

F42B Explosive charges, e.g. for blasting; Fireworks;Ammunition
F42C Ammunition fuzes; Arming or safety means therefor
F42D Blasting